Continuous Levels‐of‐Detail and Visual Abstraction for Seamless Molecular Visualization

Molecular visualization is often challenged with rendering of large molecular structures in real time. We introduce a novel approach that enables us to show even large protein complexes. Our method is based on the level‐of‐detail concept, where we exploit three different abstractions combined in one visualization. Firstly, molecular surface abstraction exploits three different surfaces, solvent‐excluded surface (SES), Gaussian kernels and van der Waals spheres, combined as one surface by linear interpolation. Secondly, we introduce three shading abstraction levels and a method for creating seamless transitions between these representations. The SES representation with full shading and added contours stands in focus while on the other side a sphere representation of a cluster of atoms with constant shading and without contours provide the context. Thirdly, we propose a hierarchical abstraction based on a set of clusters formed on molecular atoms. All three abstraction models are driven by one importance function classifying the scene into the near‐, mid‐ and far‐field. Moreover, we introduce a methodology to render the entire molecule directly using the A‐buffer technique, which further improves the performance. The rendering performance is evaluated on series of molecules of varying atom counts.     

Implementation of Web‐based argumentation in facilitating elementary school students to learn environmental issues

This research develops a Web‐based argumentation system named the Web‐based Interactive Argumentation System (WIAS). WIAS can provide teachers with the scaffolding for argumentation instruction. Students can propose their statements, collect supporting evidence and share and discuss with peers online. This research adopts a quasi‐experimental design, applying WIAS to the teaching of environmental issues, including mudslides, global warming and nuclear power. Fifty‐seven elementary school fifth graders from two classes participated in this research. With each class as a unit, they were divided into the WIAS group (n = 30) and the traditional argumentation instruction (TAI) group (n = 27). Before research, all students took the pre‐test of the ‘achievement test for environmental issues (ATEI)’ and the ‘environmental literacy scale (ELS).’ Then all students received argumentation training and six classes of argumentation instruction. Students in the WIAS group performed argumentation in the WIAS, while those in the TAI group performed argumentation in a traditional classroom. After the six‐class argumentation instruction, all students took the post‐test of the ATEI and ELS. The results show that students in the WIAS group have significantly better learning effectiveness than those in the TAI group. Students in the WIAS group also exhibited significantly better improvement in their environmental literacy.     

乳化剂SP-80合成动力学影响因素的探讨

考察乳化剂SP-80合成中相关动力学影响因素,以产品的乳化能力为考核指标,通过正交试验法优选出最佳工艺条件:醇酸比(摩尔比)为1∶1.3,山梨醇脱水温度为110~130℃,山梨醇脱水时间为2.0~2.5h,真空度为3.0kPa,酯化反应温度为200~210℃,酯化反应时间为3.5~4.5h,催化剂用量为0.30%~0.40%。     

荀子的和谐管理思想

荀子认为,＂和谐＂意味着要各居其位、各司其职、各尽其能和各得其所,这是宇宙的一个基本法则。要使社会和谐,统治者就必须遵循天道,据此制定完备的礼义制度,＂论德而定次,量能而授官,皆使人载其事而各得其所宜＂,由此即可确保社会有条不紊地运行。     

基于单一像素值改变的图像置乱新算法

针对数字图像传输的安全问题,提出一种基于单一像素值改变的图像置乱新算法,该算法将密码学中维吉尼亚加密算法进行修正,使之能够应用于数字图像的加密。实验结果表明,该算法加密的图像安全性高,与传统的基于单一像素值改变的置乱算法相比较,具有更好的抗噪声性能,该算法具有很高的灵活性,其加密图像的置乱程度与工作密钥的选择具有密切的关系,并且适合加密任意尺寸的数字图像。以上优越性使得该算法更能适合于数字图像的网络传输过程,以及其他对数字图像安全有较高要求的领域。     

从古代中西科学特点的比较分析近代中国科学落后的原因

通过比较古代中西科学特点的异同得出,古代中国科学存在的缺陷制约了它走向近代科学发源地的可能性．哲学思想和科学价值观的辩证性与实用性阻碍了近代科学在中国的产生;理性思维的欠缺和科学研究方法的经验性是形成中西科学差距的原因;科学思想和科学精神的缺失也是近代科学不可能在中国产生的原因之一．因此,只有从科学体系本身考虑才能最有助于问题的解决．     

职业院校是高技能人才培养的主渠道

以创办唐山工业职业技术学院的实践经验为依据，阐述了职业院校在国家重点技校带动战略涌现出的示范校群体中，将成为高级技能紧缺人才培养的载体，成为培养复合型高技能人才的主渠道。     

加强科学管理延长转化器的使用寿命

简述了巨化电化厂对转化器加强科学管理，以减少漏损的作法，取得了良好的经济效益。     

低成本高炉炼铁科学化管理与操作

低成本高炉炼铁是钢铁厂在激烈的市场竞争中取得最大经济效益的必要条件.本文主要从低燃料比指标控制、合理炉料结构、混合煤粉喷吹、高炉灰回收利用等4个方面进行＂低成本高炉炼铁＂科学化管理与操作的探索,通过挖掘高炉炼铁工序在节能降耗的潜能,最大限度降低高炉炼铁生产的成本.     

新课改理念下的工程制图教学

新课改就如何提高教学质量,对教师提出了更高的要求。教师必须能灵活地运用现代化知识、技术,正确把握先进方法和先进理念,培养学生综合能力,努力更好地为学生服务。用全新的理念、全新的教学思路、全新的教学方法来适应教育发展和社会对人才培养的需要。